Experiencia y resultados de las técnicas de revascularización en patología cerebral isquémica: enfermedad de moyamoya y oclusión carotídea / Revascularization experience and results in ischaemic cerebrovascular disease: Moyamoya disease and carotid occlusion

Introducción: Las técnicas de revascularización cerebral constituyen una herramienta indispensable en el arsenal actual del neurocirujano vascular. Presentamos la experiencia adquirida y los resultados de la cirugía de revascularización tanto en la enfermedad de moyamoya como en la isquemia cerebral oclusiva. Pacientes y métodos: Se analizan los pacientes con enfermedad isquémica oclusiva y enfermedad de moyamoya revascularizados microquirúrgicamente en el periodo comprendido entre octubre de 2014 y septiembre de 2017. Resultados: En el periodo de estudio, 23 pacientes con enfermedad isquémica oclusiva han sido revascularizados microquirúrgicamente. Tres pacientes presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias graves (2 hemorragias intraparenquimatosas en el postoperatorio inmediato y una trombosis de la arteria femoral). En todos los pacientes, excepto en uno, el SPECT muestra una normalización de la reserva hemodinámica cerebral (RHC). Veinte pacientes presentaron un buen resultado neurológico, sin recurrencias isquémicas del territorio revascularizado. De la serie de pacientes con moyamoya, 20 presentaban una enfermedad de moyamoya y 5 un síndrome de moyamoya con afectación unilateral. Cinco pacientes fueron tratados en edad pediátrica. Hubo un comienzo hemorrágico en 2 pacientes. El estudio de la RHC mostró un compromiso hemodinámico en todos los pacientes. El SPECT cerebral al año ha mostrado una resolución del fracaso hemodinámico en todos los pacientes. Ha habido 4 complicaciones postoperatorias (hematoma subdural agudo, 2 colecciones subdurales y una dehiscencia de la herida quirúrgica). Ningún paciente ha presentado un empeoramiento neurológico en los controles a los 6 y 12meses. Conclusión: La revascularización cerebral mediante la realización de una anastomosis termino-lateral entre la arteria temporal superficial y una rama cortical de la arteria cerebral media constituye una técnica indiscutible en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de moyamoya y posiblemente pueda serlo en un subgrupo de pacientes con patología oclusiva isquémica cerebral sintomática

Introduction: Cerebral revascularization techniques are an indispensable tool in the current armamentarium of vascular neurosurgeons. We present revascularization surgery experience and results in both moyamoya disease and occlusive cerebral ischaemia. Patients and methods: Patients with ischaemic occlusive disease and moyamoya disease who underwent microsurgical revascularization between October 2014 and September 2017 were analysed. Results: In the study period, 23 patients with occlusive ischaemic disease underwent microsurgical revascularization. Three patients presented with serious postoperative complications (2 intraparenchymal haemorrhages in the immediate postoperative period and one thrombosis of the femoral artery). All patients, except one, achieved normalization of the cerebral hemodynamic reserve (CHR) in the SPECT study. Twenty patients had a good neurological result, with no ischaemic recurrence of the revascularized territory. Among patients with moyamoya, 20 had moyamoya disease and 5 had moyamoya syndrome with unilateral involvement. Five patients were treated at paediatric age. Haemorrhagic onset occurred in 2 patients. The CHR study showed hemodynamic compromise in all patients. Cerebral SPECT at one year showed resolution of the hemodynamic failure in all patients. There have been 4 postoperative complications (acute subdural hematoma, two subdural collections and one dehiscence of the surgical wound). No patient presented with neurological worsening at 6 and 12months of follow-up. Conclusions: Cerebral revascularization through end-to-side anastomosis between the superficial temporal artery and a cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery is an indisputable technique in the treatment of moyamoya disease and possibly in a subgroup of patients with symptomatic occlusive ischaemic cerebrovascular disease

[Revascularization experience and results in ischaemic cerebrovascular disease: Moyamoya disease and carotid occlusion]. / Experiencia y resultados de las técnicas de revascularización en patología cerebral isquémica: enfermedad de moyamoya y oclusión carotídea.

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral revascularization techniques are an indispensable tool in the current armamentarium of vascular neurosurgeons. We present revascularization surgery experience and results in both moyamoya disease and occlusive cerebral ischaemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with ischaemic occlusive disease and moyamoya disease who underwent microsurgical revascularization between October 2014 and September 2017 were analysed. RESULTS: In the study period, 23 patients with occlusive ischaemic disease underwent microsurgical revascularization. Three patients presented with serious postoperative complications (2 intraparenchymal haemorrhages in the immediate postoperative period and one thrombosis of the femoral artery). All patients, except one, achieved normalization of the cerebral hemodynamic reserve (CHR) in the SPECT study. Twenty patients had a good neurological result, with no ischaemic recurrence of the revascularized territory. Among patients with moyamoya, 20 had moyamoya disease and 5 had moyamoya syndrome with unilateral involvement. Five patients were treated at paediatric age. Haemorrhagic onset occurred in 2 patients. The CHR study showed hemodynamic compromise in all patients. Cerebral SPECT at one year showed resolution of the hemodynamic failure in all patients. There have been 4 postoperative complications (acute subdural hematoma, two subdural collections and one dehiscence of the surgical wound). No patient presented with neurological worsening at 6 and 12months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral revascularization through end-to-side anastomosis between the superficial temporal artery and a cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery is an indisputable technique in the treatment of moyamoya disease and possibly in a subgroup of patients with symptomatic occlusive ischaemic cerebrovascular disease.